The Social Media Network Effect in our Daily Life

Security Threats

The need for security started increasing as universities, government and military installations began to connect with each other. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the US Department of Defense in charge for the development of evolving technologies for usage by the military. A recent study confirms that there is a significant growth in cyber crime throughout the world. Hence, network security is vital for all types of network. Network security composes the methods taken by the administrator to prevent illegitimate access and improper use of network resources. These resources may be computers, printers, files and any other devices in the network. 

There are various types of threats some of the common threats to network security are as follows:

1. Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack: DoS attack aims to entirely consume network bandwidth and system resources by creating a large volume of network traffic. This makes it impossible for genuine users to use the resources which were meant for them.[1]

2. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack: DDoS attacks are a variant of DoS attacks in which an attacker simultaneously uses two or more machines to execute a DoS attack, to make the attack more powerful. [2]

3. Botnet: A botnet is a huge amount of devices linked to the Internet, each of which is infected by bots. A bot is a malware that allows an attacker to take control of a system. A bot is distributed in a variety of ways such as e-mail attachment which is unknowingly downloaded by the users. In this type of attack, an enormous number of computer systems perform their actions under the control of a single attacker. [3]

4. Payload Mutation: In this type of attack malicious packet payload is modified, but it is semantically same as original packet and looks very different from attack signatures. As it appears different from attack signatures, it can remain undetected by security measures. [4]

5. SQL Injection attack: In this attack a part of malicious SQL query is inserted into web applications via the variables used by these web applications. These applications then send malicious queries to the database server by which an attacker can read, insert, delete or update database contents. [5]

6. User to Root Attack (U2R): In this type of attack, the invader somehow login as genuine user account by sniffing password and try to exploit certain susceptibility to obtain root access to the system. [6]

7. Remote to Local Attack (R2L): This attack happens when the invader who is not a legitimate user of the machine but by exploiting some weakness to gain access to local device and sends packets to other machines in the network. [6]

8. Probe Attack: In this type of attack, the invader attempts to collect information of the network for the purpose of evading its security controls. [6]


References

1.    S.S. Thakare, and P. Kaur, “Denial-of-Service Attack Detection System”, In 1^st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Information Management (ICISIM), pp. 281-285, Oct 2017.
2.  K.N. Mallikarjun, K. Muthupriya, and S.M. Shalinie, “A Survey of Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack”, In 10^th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), pp. 1-6, Jan 2016.
3.  S. Garg, and R.M. Sharma, “Anatomy of Botnet on Application Layer: Mechanism and Mitigation”, In 2^nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), pp. 1024-1029, April 2017.
4.  T.H. Cheng, Y.D. Lin, Y.C. Lai, and P.C. Lin, “Evasion Techniques: Sneaking through your Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems”, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1011-1020, 2012.
5.  S. Mohammad, S. Sajjadi, and B.T. Pour, “Study of SQL Injection Attacks and Countermeasures”, International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 539-542, 2013.
6.  A.I. Madbouly, A.M. Gody, and T.M. Barakat, “Relevant Feature Selection Model using Data Mining for Intrusion Detection System”, arXiv preprint    arXiv:1403.7726, 2014. 

Comparison of PHP v/s Node.JS

Comparison of PHP v/s Node.JS

Today a number of scripting languages or technologies are available for server side processing and integration with the databases. These technologies have their advantages and disadvantages. This makes it difficult for developers to choose an appropriate server side environment for their projects development. To solve your problem, we are providing a comparison of two major server-side scripting technologies – Node.js, and PHP.

PHP is a successor to a product name PHP/FI which was created in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf. Lerdor originally created PHP to track visits to his online resume and named the suite of scripts “Personal Home Page Tools”. PHP is written primarily in C with some code in C++.  PHP scripts have an extension of .php and can contain JavaScript, HTML, CSS and even plain text.

Node.js, was first introduced in May 2009 by Ryan Dahl. The goal of Node.js was set to provide an event-driven, nonblocking I/O model that was lightweight and efficient. It allows the application to proceed its execution without wasting clock. Node.js is primarily written in C, C++, and JavaScript. With the birth of Node.js, it brings users the facility to build completely JavaScript based applications.

Comparison between PHP and Node.js

Functionality	Node.js	PHP
Synchronous OR Asynchronous	Synchronous	Asynchronous
Access to the command line interface	Yes	Yes
Switch between different environments and languages	User has to continuously switch between different language and syntax.	No need to switch between the languages.
Commonly used FRAMEWORKS	Laravel, CodeIgniter, and Cakephp	koa.js, hapi, total.js, and sails.js
Databases	PHP commonly uses MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL databases	Node.js works perfectly with NoSQL (Not only SQL) databases like MongoDB.

How to Make the Right Choice?

Both Node.js and PHP have their good and bad portions. When choosing between Node.js and PHP, you should definitely consider what type of application you are going to build, what are the hosting requirements of your client, and what is the speed of development. If your client is looking for a standardized solution with an extensive hosting support, you should consider using PHP. It is a good choice for creating blogs, news site, landing page or web portal. Node.js makes it a great fit for RTA (Real-Time Applications) such as instant messaging and collaborative apps (drawing and video conferencing) in which many requests are happening concurrently and where data is frequently shuffled back and forth from the server to the client.

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